Contents
Introduction:
Welcome to Online Tutorial Classes! We are excited to present a valuable resource for CBSE students studying Class 6 Civics. In this post, we will delve into the CBSE class 7 Civics chapter 8 ‘Urban Livelihoods’ from the CBSE curriculum and provide you with comprehensive and easy to learn notes to help you master this important topic.
NCERT Civics book:
Click here to access and download the NCERT class 6 Civics book.
CBSE class 6 Civics chapter 8 ‘Urban Livelihoods’ Summary:
Chapter 7: Urban Livelihoods is a part of the CBSE Class 6 Civics syllabus. The chapter deals with the various ways in which people earn their living in urban areas. It highlights how people who work on the streets, such as hawkers and vendors, earn their livelihoods. The chapter also explains how people who work in factories, offices, and other establishments earn their livelihoods.
The chapter begins by stating that about 12% of all workers in the city are people working on the street. They sell things or repair them or provide a service. They work on their own and are not employed by anyone. They have to organize their own work and plan how much to purchase, where and how to set up their shops. Their shops are usually temporary structures, just some boards or papers spread over discarded boxes or a canvas sheet hung up on a few poles. They may also use their own carts or simply a plastic sheet spread on the pavement. However, they can be asked to dismantle their shops at any time by the police, and they have no security.
CBSE Class 6 civics chapter 8, also talks about vendors who sell things that are often prepared at home by their families who purchase, clean, sort and make them ready to sell. There are almost 1 crore street vendors working in urban areas. Although they can be an obstruction to traffic and people walking, they are now recognized as a general benefit – the right of people to earn their livelihood.
The chapter concludes by stating that hawkers need to be part of committees set up to take decisions relating to them. It highlights how sub-contracting has become prevalent in recent times, where work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by private companies. Contract workers get paid less, and their jobs are temporary. Collecting garbage is a dangerous job, and these contract workers do not have any access to safety measures and are not taken care of if they are injured while working
CBSE class 6 Civics chapter 8 ‘Urban Livelihoods’ Notes:
Working on the street:
A large number of people in the city work on the streets. In a survey of Ahmedabad city it was found that 12 per cent of all the workers in the city were people working on the street. They sometimes sell things or repair them or provide a service. They are not employed by anyone and therefore have to organise their own work.
Vendors sell things that are often prepared at home by their families who purchase, clean, sort and make them ready to sell. For example, those who sell food or snacks on the street, prepare most of these at home.
There are almost one crore ‘street vendors’ in the country working in urban areas. Street vending was till recently looked upon only as an obstruction to traffic and to people walking. However, with the effort of many organisations it is now recognised as a general benefit and as a right of people to earn their livelihood. The government is thinking about modifying the law that banned street vendors, so that they have a place to work and that there is also a free flow of traffic and people. Hawking zones have been suggested for towns and cities. It has also been suggested that mobile vendors should be allowed to move around freely. Hawkers need to be part of committees that are set up to take these and other decisions relating to them.
In the market:
There are many people who own shops in various markets of the city. These shops may be small or large and they sell different things. Most business persons manage their own shops or business. They are not employed by anyone. But, they do employ a number of other workers as supervisors and helpers. These are permanent shops that are given a licence to do business by the municipal corporation. The Municipal Corporation also decides on which day of the week the market has to remain closed. Market also has small offices and shops that provide services, such as banks, courier
services and others.
In the Factory-Workshop Area
The factory area has a chowk called labour chowk, where daily wagers or casual wagers are generally assemble. They dig at construction sites, lift loads or unload trucks in the market, dig pipelines and telephone cables and also build roads. There are thousands of such casual workers in the city.
Jobs of the people working in factories are not permanent. If workers complain about their pay or working conditions they are asked to leave. There is no job security or protection if there is ill treatment. They are also expected to work for very long hours.
In the office area
There are many workers in the city who work in offices, factories, and government departments where they are employed as regular and permanent workers. They attend the same office or factory regularly. Their work is clearly identified. They get a regular salary. Unlike casual workers they will not be asked to leave if the factory does not have much work.
Call centers
Working in Call Centres is a new form of employment in the big cities. A Call Centre is a centralised office that deals with problems and questions that consumers/customers have regarding goods purchased and services like banking, ticket booking, etc. Call Centres are generally set up as large rooms with work stations that include a computer, a telephone set and supervisor’s stations. India has become a major centre not only for Indian companies but also foreign companies. They set up Call Centres here as they can get people who can speak English and will work for lower wages.
Accessing All Chapters of CBSE Class 6 Civics Notes:
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Accessing the CBSE Class 6 Civics Questions and Answers:
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