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Welcome to Online Tutorial Classes! We are excited to present a valuable resource for CBSE students studying Class 7 Science. In this post, we will delve into the NCERT class 7 science chapter 7 “Transportation in Animals and Plants” from the NCERT curriculum and provide you with comprehensive and easy to learn questions and answers to help you master this important topic. In this chapter you will learn about the concept of transportation in animals and plants.
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NCERT class 7 science Chapter 7 “Transportation in Animals and Plants” overview
NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 7, titled “Transportation in Animals and Plants”, provides an understanding of the transportation mechanisms in living organisms. It covers the circulatory system in animals, including the role of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The chapter also explains the composition and functions of blood, and the difference between arteries and veins. In the context of plants, the chapter introduces the concepts of xylem and phloem, explaining their role in the transportation of water and nutrients. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how substances are transported in animals and plants.
NCERT class 7 science Chapter 7 “Transportation in Animals and Plants” questions and answers
Question 1
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Stomata | (a) Absorption of water |
| (ii) Xylem | (b) Transpiration |
| (iii) Root hairs | (c) Transport of food |
| (iv) Phloem | (d) Transport of water |
| (vi) Synthesis | (e) Synthesis of carbohydrates |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Stomata | (b) Transpiration |
| (ii) Xylem | (d) Transport of water |
| (iii) Root hairs | (a) Absorption of water |
| (iv) Phloem | (c) Transport of food |
Question 2
Fill in the blanks.
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the ___________.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in _________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of _______ .
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called ________.
.(v) The main excretory product in human beings is __________.
(vi) Sweat contains water and _____________.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ___________ .
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by __________ .
Answer:
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called heartbeat.
.(v) The main excretory product in human beings is urea.
(vi) Sweat contains water and salts.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by transpiration.
Question 3
Choose the correct option:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) xylem (ii) phloem
(iii) stomata (iv) root hair
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag
Answer:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) xylem
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(iii) under the fan
Question 4
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
Answer:
The transport of materials is essential in both plants and animals for several reasons:
- Distribution of Nutrients: Both plants and animals need to transport nutrients from one part of the body to another. For animals, nutrients absorbed by the digestive system need to be transported to all cells in the body. In plants, nutrients absorbed by the roots need to be transported to other parts of the plant.
- Oxygen Supply: Animals breathe in oxygen, which is then transported by the blood to all cells in the body. Similarly, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, which is transported to the cells where photosynthesis occurs.
- Waste Removal: Metabolic processes in both plants and animals produce waste products that need to be removed from the body. In animals, the circulatory system transports these wastes to the excretory system for removal. In plants, waste products are often stored in leaves that fall off.
- Hormonal Regulation: In animals, hormones produced in one part of the body need to be transported to other parts where they exert their effects. In plants, hormones (or plant growth regulators) synthesized in one part are transported to other parts where they control growth and development.
- Heat Distribution: In animals, the transport of blood helps distribute heat throughout the body, helping to maintain a constant body temperature.
- Water Balance: In plants, the transport of water from the roots to the leaves (transpiration) helps to cool the plant and enables the flow of mineral nutrients from the soil to the roots.
Question 5
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
Platelets are tiny blood cells that play a crucial role in blood clotting. If there are no platelets in the blood, a condition known as thrombocytopenia, it can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, even from minor injuries. This is because platelets are essential for forming clots, which seal off damaged blood vessels and prevent excessive blood loss.
Question 6
What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata are tiny pores found on the underside of leaves that allow plants to exchange gases with the atmosphere. Functions of stomata are:
- Gas Exchange: Stomata allow plants to take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, which is used in photosynthesis to produce food. They also release oxygen (O2), a byproduct of photosynthesis, back into the atmosphere.
- Transpiration: Stomata regulate the release of water vapor from plants, a process known as transpiration. Transpiration helps to cool plants and regulate their water uptake.
Question 7
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Transpiration serves several useful functions in plants:
- Water Uptake: Transpiration creates a suction pressure, which helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals dissolved in it from roots to leaves.
- Temperature Regulation: It helps in cooling the plant. The evaporation of water from the leaf surface causes a cooling effect.
- Nutrient Transport: The upward movement of water also carries with it nutrients from the soil, which are essential for the growth and development of the plant.
- Maintaining Cell Turgidity: Transpiration helps in maintaining the shape and structure of the plant cells. It ensures that cells are neither too inflated (which can cause them to burst) nor too deflated (which can cause them to wilt).
- Photosynthesis: By opening the stomata for transpiration, carbon dioxide can enter the leaf, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Question 8
What are the components of blood?
Answer:
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body and it is composed of four main components:
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs): These are the most abundant cells in the blood. They are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body.
- White Blood Cells (WBCs): These cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response. They help the body fight off infections.
- Platelets: These are small, colorless cell fragments that are essential for blood clotting. They help prevent excessive bleeding by clumping together at the site of a wound to form a clot.
- Plasma: This is the liquid component of blood, making up about 55% of its total volume. Plasma is mostly water but also contains proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes. It serves as the medium for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to circulate throughout the body.
Question 9
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood is needed by all parts of the body for several crucial reasons:
- Oxygen and Nutrient Supply: Red blood cells in the blood carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body. Blood also transports nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, which are derived from the food we eat, from the digestive tract to the rest of the body.
- Waste Removal: Blood carries waste products, including carbon dioxide and urea, away from cells to be excreted from the body. Carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs where it is exhaled, and urea is transported to the kidneys where it is removed in urine.
- Immune Defense: White blood cells in the blood help to fight infections and disease by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other foreign pathogens that enter the body.
- Hormone Distribution: Blood transports hormones, which are chemical messengers, from the glands where they are produced to the organs they affect.
- Heat Distribution: Blood helps distribute heat throughout the body, helping to maintain a consistent body temperature.
Question 10
What makes the blood look red?
Red blood cells (RBC) contain a red pigment called haemoglobin, which binds with oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells. The presence of haemoglobin makes blood appear red.
Question 11
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart is a vital organ that serves as the main component of the cardiovascular system. Its primary function is to pump blood throughout the body. Here are some key functions of the heart:
- Circulation of Blood: The heart’s main function is to ensure the circulation of blood throughout the body. It pumps blood, which carries essential nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and other components to various parts of the body.
- Regulation of Heart Rate: The heart controls the rhythm and speed of your heart rate. This is crucial for maintaining the body’s overall function and adapting to different physical demands.
- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport: The heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where the blood loads up with oxygen and unloads carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism.
Question 12
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
Excretion of waste products is necessary for several reasons:
- Removal of Toxic Substances: Metabolic processes in the body produce waste products, some of which can be harmful if they accumulate. For example, the breakdown of proteins in the body produces urea, which can be toxic in high concentrations.
- Maintaining Homeostasis: Excretion helps maintain the body’s internal balance or homeostasis. It helps regulate the concentration of water, salts, and other substances within the body.
- Preventing Damage to Organs: Accumulation of waste products can damage organs. For example, high levels of urea can damage the kidneys.
- Regulating Body Temperature: In humans, one form of excretion is through sweating, which helps regulate body temperature.
Question 13
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:
Additional Questions and Answers from NCERT class 7 Science Chapter 7 ‘Transportation in Animals and Plants’
What is the circulatory system and what are its functions?
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is a complex network that plays a key role in the transportation of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body.
- It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
- The heart acts as a pump, pushing blood through the blood vessels to all parts of the body.
- Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and removes waste products and carbon dioxide.
- The blood vessels – arteries, veins, and capillaries – act as the pathways for the blood.
- The circulatory system also plays a crucial role in the body’s immune response, transporting white blood cells and antibodies to fight infections.
- It helps maintain the body’s temperature and pH balance.
Name the two types of blood vessels and their functions
Two types of blood vessels, arteries and veins are present in the body.
Arteries
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
- Since the blood flow is rapid and at a high pressure, the arteries have thick elastic walls.
Veins
- Veins are the vessels which carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.
- The veins have thin walls.
- There are valves present in veins which allow blood to flow only towards the heart.
What is the function of the kidneys
- Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen, one on each side of the spine.
- The kidneys act as the body’s filtration system, removing waste products and toxins from the blood.
- The wastes dissolved in water are removed as urine. From the kidneys, the urine goes into the urinary bladder through tube-like ureters.
What is excretery system?
- The kindeys, ureters, bladder and urethra form the excretory system.
- Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen, one on each side of the spine.
- The kidneys act as the body’s filtration system, removing waste products and toxins from the blood.
- The wastes dissolved in water are removed as urine. From the kidneys, the urine goes into the urinary bladder through tube-like ureters.
- It is stored in the bladder and is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of a muscular tube called urethra.
Why do we sweat?
- Sweating, also known as perspiration, is the process of releasing fluid through the skin’s sweat glands to help regulate body temperature.
- When sweat evaporates from the skin, it cools the body down.
- Sweating is a natural response to heat, exercise, or stress.
How does the transportation take place in plants?
- Xylem and Phloem are two types of vascular tissue that are found in plants.
- Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
- Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
What is transpiration?
- Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through tiny pores on the underside of their leaves called stomata.
- This process helps to cool the plant and regulate its water uptake.
- Transpiration also plays a role in nutrient transport and gas exchange.
What is pulse rate? What is the pulse rate of a human being?
- The number of beats per minute is called the pulse rate.
- A resting person, usually has a pulse rate between 72 and 80 beats per minute.
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
The English physician, William Harvey (A.D.1578–1657), discovered the circulation of blood.
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CBSE class 7 science questions and answers
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